How do you actually prepare for a performance review?
By doing the work before the meeting — because a review is largely a negotiation over a narrative, and the person who arrives with evidence sets the narrative while the person who arrives to be told receives one.
What to prepare:
A written record of what you achieved, with dates, outcomes and — where possible — numbers. Your manager does not remember your year, and recency bias means the last two months dominate unless you supply the rest.
Evidence against the criteria actually used. Review your objectives, the competency framework and the level definitions, and map your examples onto them in their language rather than yours.
Things that went wrong, and what you did about them. Raising these yourself is far stronger than having them raised — it demonstrates self-awareness and lets you frame the response.
Feedback you received, saved through the year. Screenshots of thanks from colleagues and clients are evidence.
What you want next, specifically: a promotion, a project, a skill, a change in scope. Vague ambition produces vague outcomes.
During the meeting:
Ask what would need to be true for the next level or the outcome you want, and get it in concrete terms rather than qualities.
Ask for examples if feedback is general. "Be more strategic" is not actionable until you know what prompted it.
Distinguish feedback about the work from feedback about the conditions. If the constraint was resourcing or priorities, say so factually.
Take notes, and confirm agreed actions in writing afterwards.
What to understand about the system you are in:
Ratings are frequently constrained by distribution guidance or budget, so a rating may reflect a moderation process rather than your manager's view. Asking how the process works is legitimate.
Pay decisions are often made separately and earlier than the review, which is why a strong review can accompany a disappointing rise.
Calibration meetings decide many outcomes, and your manager argues your case there without you — which is the strongest argument for giving them written material they can use.
The year-round point: a review reflects what was visible. Making work visible as it happens changes the outcome more than any preparation in the final week.