What is input lag, and how is it different from response time?
They measure completely different things and are routinely conflated in marketing. Response time is how fast a pixel changes colour; input lag is how long the whole chain takes between your action and the result appearing.
Response time, quoted in milliseconds, describes the panel's pixel transition, usually grey-to-grey. It affects motion clarity — slow transitions produce smearing and ghosting behind moving objects. Manufacturers quote best-case figures under aggressive overdrive settings, which is why a claimed 1ms panel can visibly smear, and why excessive overdrive causes inverse ghosting, a bright trail that is worse than the problem it solves.
Input lag is the total delay: your input travels to the device, the software processes it, the frame is rendered, sent over the cable, processed by the display, and drawn. Only the last part belongs to the monitor, and it is the part display processing can inflate dramatically.
Why televisions are the worst offenders. A TV's picture processing — motion interpolation, noise reduction, upscaling, local dimming analysis — buffers frames to do its work, and each stage adds delay. This is exactly what game mode disables, frequently cutting lag from over 100ms to well under 20ms. Auto low latency mode does it automatically when a console is detected.
The other contributors: the render queue and buffering settings; V-sync, which adds a frame of delay; wireless peripherals, now usually negligible on good ones; and frame rate itself, since at 30fps a frame is 33ms wide regardless of anything else.
Refresh rate matters separately. Higher refresh reduces the time a finished frame waits to be shown, which is why 120Hz feels more responsive even when nothing else changed.
What to do: enable game mode or ALLM; disable motion smoothing; connect to the correct HDMI port, since features differ by port; turn off extra processing; use variable refresh rate where supported; and treat quoted response times sceptically and measured input lag reviews seriously.