Why do you have to put your phone in flight mode?
The honest answer has shifted over the years, and the rule now rests on less dramatic grounds than it once did.
The original concern was electromagnetic interference with aircraft avionics — navigation, communication and instrument systems. Modern aircraft systems are shielded and certified against interference, and no crash has ever been conclusively attributed to a passenger device. The risk was largely precautionary rather than demonstrated.
The more concrete reason is the ground network. A phone at altitude moving at 900 km/h can see a large number of mobile base stations simultaneously. Because it is far from all of them, it transmits at maximum power trying to maintain a connection, and it hands over between cells constantly. This loads the terrestrial network in ways it was never designed for, and it drains your battery quickly. Aviation and telecoms regulators have both cited this.
A genuine remaining interference concern is more mundane: unshielded or faulty devices can produce audible interference in pilots' headsets — the buzzing familiar from a phone near a speaker. That is a real distraction during critical phases of flight even if it endangers no system.
The rules have relaxed accordingly. Most authorities now permit devices throughout the flight in flight mode, and Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are widely allowed. The EU has permitted airlines to offer 5G onboard via picocells, which connect to satellites rather than ground networks — so the technical objection is being engineered around rather than upheld.
Why crew still enforce it firmly: compliance is easier to manage as a blanket rule than case by case; a cabin of ringing phones is a workload and distraction issue; and during taxi, take-off and landing the priority is that passengers are attentive.
Rules vary by airline and country, so follow the crew's instruction rather than what was permitted on your last flight.