Question

Why do hotels ask for your passport at check-in?

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Answer

Usually because the law requires it — guest registration is a legal obligation for accommodation providers in a great many countries, not a policy the hotel invented.

The legal basis. Many states require hotels to record identity details of guests, sometimes all guests and sometimes only foreign nationals, and in some countries to transmit those details to the police or immigration authorities within a set period. This is why the request is non-negotiable in some places and casual in others — it tracks local law, not hotel brand standards.

The other reasons, which coexist:

Tax. Local tourist or city taxes frequently depend on nationality, residence or length of stay, and the hotel must evidence the rate applied.

Verifying the booking, matching the guest to the reservation and the payment card.

Age verification where a minimum applies.

Tax-free or duty arrangements in countries where non-residents are exempt from certain taxes on accommodation.

Where it becomes unreasonable. The common friction point is the hotel wanting to retain your passport for the duration of your stay, or take a photocopy or scan and keep it indefinitely.

Retention of the physical document is a genuine risk — you may need it, and recovering it out of hours can be difficult. In most places you are entitled to have it returned once details are recorded, and asking for it back after registration is normal and reasonable.

Copies are a data protection question. Where data protection law applies, the hotel needs a lawful basis, must keep only what is necessary, and must not hold it indefinitely. Asking what the copy is for, and how long it is kept, is a fair question.

Practical approach: offer the passport for inspection and registration, let them record what the law requires, and ask for it back immediately; carry an alternative photo identification for lower-stakes situations; keep a secure digital copy for your own use; and be aware that a hold on your card at check-in is a separate matter entirely.

General information, not legal advice.

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