Why do game mods break when a game updates?
Because most mods depend on the internal structure of the game rather than on a stable interface — so any change to that structure, however minor and however unrelated, can break them.
How mods typically work. Few games provide a formal modding API. Instead, mods:
Replace or add asset files, relying on the game loading them in a particular way.
Modify data files defining items, behaviours and balance.
Inject code, hooking into the game's functions at specific memory locations or by patching the executable.
Depend on a mod loader or framework that does the hooking on their behalf.
Why updates break them:
Memory addresses shift. A code-injecting mod that hooks a function at a particular offset fails when recompiled code moves things — and recompilation happens for any change at all.
File formats and structures change, invalidating edited data.
Functions are renamed, refactored or removed.
The mod loader itself must be updated first, which is the practical bottleneck: every mod depending on it is broken until the loader is updated, regardless of whether anything in that mod was affected.
Anti-cheat changes block code injection.
Why developers cannot simply avoid breaking them. Guaranteeing that internal structures never change would prevent almost all development. The alternative is a stable modding API, which is a commitment to maintain an interface indefinitely, and it constrains what can be changed internally.
What the games with healthy modding scenes do:
Provide a documented API and scripting layer.
Version the modding interface separately from the game.
Allow rollback to previous versions, so players can stay on a version their mods support — this single feature does more for modding than almost anything else, and its absence is why automatic updating is so resented by modders.
Provide beta branches so mod authors can update before release.
Separate mod content from game files.
What players can do: disable automatic updates where the platform allows; use a mod manager tracking compatibility; wait before updating; and read the mod's notes rather than assuming.
Mods are made by volunteers, and a game update creating work for hundreds of unpaid authors is a real cost that is rarely acknowledged.