Why did my plant die after I repotted it?
Almost always transplant shock, made worse by one of a small number of repotting mistakes. The plant did not die from being moved as such — it died because the root system could no longer supply the top growth.
Roots are fine, fragile and covered in tiny root hairs that do most of the actual water uptake. Teasing apart a rootball, shaking soil off or breaking roots destroys a large fraction of those hairs. The leaves carry on transpiring at their previous rate, and for days or weeks the plant is losing more water than it can take up. Wilting, leaf drop and browning edges follow.
The common aggravating mistakes are worth checking against what you did. Potting into a container far larger than the old one leaves a mass of wet, unrooted compost around a small rootball — it stays saturated, excludes air, and rots the roots. Going up one or two sizes is the rule. Burying the stem deeper than it sat before invites rot at the collar. Repotting a plant that is in flower or in active summer growth gives it no slack. Using garden soil instead of potting compost compacts in a pot and drains badly. And a pot without drainage holes will drown a plant no matter how carefully you water.
Recovery, when it happens, comes from reducing demand while the roots rebuild. Move the plant out of direct sun into bright indirect light, keep the compost evenly moist but never soggy, raise humidity, and remove some foliage to cut transpiration. Do not feed — fertiliser on damaged roots makes things worse. Autumn and early spring are the low-stress windows for repotting.