Who owns the photos and videos you post on social media?
You do. Posting does not transfer copyright. What you grant is a licence — permission for the platform to use your content in defined ways — and that licence is broad.
What a typical licence says. Terms of service generally require a worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free, transferable, sub-licensable licence to host, reproduce, modify, adapt, publish and display your content.
Unpacking why each word matters:
Non-exclusive — you can still use and license your work elsewhere. This is the important reassurance.
Royalty-free — they pay nothing for it.
Transferable and sub-licensable — they can pass those rights to others, including partners and advertisers.
Worldwide, and typically covering modification and derivative works.
Why platforms need something this broad. Hosting a photo requires copying it, resizing it, generating thumbnails, transcoding video, distributing it globally through a CDN, and showing it to other users. Each of those is technically an act restricted by copyright. Without a licence, running the service would infringe on every upload.
That said, the licences are drafted considerably wider than the technical necessity, and that is a fair criticism.
What the licence typically does not permit: selling your photograph as a stock image, or using you in an advertisement without separate consent — though some platforms' terms have allowed using your name and image in connection with sponsored content, which has caused controversy.
When the licence ends. Most terms say the licence terminates when you delete the content or your account — with exceptions for copies already shared by others, and for backup copies until they age out.
What matters practically:
Others reposting your work is infringement, and platforms provide takedown mechanisms.
Read terms for platforms you post professional work to, since photographers and artists face genuine issues here.
AI training is the live question — several platforms have amended terms to permit training on user content, sometimes with opt-outs.
Watermarking and posting lower resolution are practical protections.