What does voter ID require, and how does voting actually work?
Photographic identification is now required to vote in person at many UK elections, and the practical details — which ID counts, what happens if you have none, and how postal and proxy voting work — decide whether people actually vote.
What is accepted. A defined list of photographic documents, including a passport, driving licence, certain concessionary travel passes and specified other documents. Expired documents are generally accepted provided the photograph is still a good likeness, which is widely not known and prevents avoidable turnaways.
If you have none of them, you can apply for a free Voter Authority Certificate from your council, before a published deadline ahead of the poll.
Where it applies. Parliamentary elections and various local and other elections in England, with different arrangements across the UK nations — the rules are not uniform, which is itself a source of confusion.
How voting actually works:
You must be registered, which is separate from being on the council tax record or having voted before. Registration closes well before polling day.
You receive a poll card, which is informational — you do not need it to vote.
At the polling station you give your name and address, show ID, and are issued a ballot paper.
A spoiled paper can be replaced if you make a mistake before putting it in the box.
Polling stations are open 7am to 10pm, and anyone in the queue at 10pm is entitled to vote.
The alternatives:
Postal voting, available on request, with no reason required in Great Britain. It requires matching your signature and date of birth, and a mismatch causes rejection — which is the commonest reason postal votes are not counted.
Proxy voting, where someone else votes on your behalf, subject to limits on how many people one person may act for.
Emergency proxy, available very late for unexpected circumstances including hospitalisation.
Assistance is available at the station, including for visual impairment and for people unable to mark the paper themselves.
What is not permitted: photographing a completed ballot, and discussing how others voted inside the station.
General information, not legal advice.