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Macronutrients — protein, carbohydrate and fat — are the three components of food that provide energy. "Tracking macros" means recording how much of each you eat rather than only total calories. What
No — the label is a reasonable estimate, not a measurement of what you absorb, and several factors mean the number on the packet and the energy your body extracts differ. How labels are calculated.
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is a syndrome caused by low energy availability — not eating enough to support both training and normal bodily function — with consequences across many
Detraining happens faster than most people fear for strength and slower than feared for skill — and the different systems decline at very different rates. Cardiovascular fitness declines fastest.
No. Muscle and fat are completely different tissues and neither can convert into the other. The belief is extremely persistent and biologically impossible. Why they cannot convert. Muscle is protein
Because it is an unusually good proxy for overall physical condition, it predicts a range of outcomes, and it is trivially cheap to measure — a rare combination in health assessment. What the
Neither is better in general. They have different properties, and the right choice depends on the goal, the exercise and the person — which is why the debate persists despite being largely settled in
The association with poor health outcomes is reasonably consistent; why is much less settled, and that gap matters for what anyone should actually do. What the term means. It comes from the NOVA
The major guidelines converge closely, and the figures are lower than many people assume — while the biggest benefit comes from a step most people overlook. The UK Chief Medical Officers' and WHO
It burns a higher proportion of fat during the session, and this does not translate into greater fat loss over time. The distinction between substrate use and fat loss is where the entire claim falls
They are different adaptations produced by different training variables, and the same exercises can serve any of them depending on how they are programmed. Strength — producing maximal force. Typical
Progressive overload is gradually increasing the demand placed on the body so that it continues adapting. It is the single organising principle of strength and fitness training, and almost every
The honest answer is that it has no agreed definition, and the term is used to mean several different things — some useful, some purely marketing. The defensible meaning: training that transfers to a
A deload is a planned period of reduced training stress — typically a week — intended to allow accumulated fatigue to dissipate so that the adaptations from previous training can be expressed. The
For most people, most of the time, no. Electrolyte products are marketed far beyond the circumstances where they provide a benefit. What electrolytes are. Minerals carrying an electrical charge in
The evidence says no — and in fact points the other way. Recreational running is associated with lower rates of knee osteoarthritis than a sedentary lifestyle. What the research found. Multiple
Muscle tremor during effort is usually normal and reflects how the nervous system recruits muscle fibres, not a sign that something is wrong. The main mechanism: motor unit fatigue and firing
Flexibility is how far a joint can be moved passively. Mobility is how far you can move it actively, under control. The gap between the two matters more than either number alone. Flexibility is a
RPE stands for Rate of Perceived Exertion — a subjective scale rating how hard an effort feels. It is used to prescribe training intensity based on your actual state on the day, rather than on a
Creatine is among the most researched supplements in existence, and the evidence for both effectiveness and safety in healthy adults is unusually strong — which distinguishes it from almost
The distinction is which energy system dominates, and that depends on intensity and duration rather than on the activity itself. Aerobic means "with oxygen". At moderate intensity, your body meets
VO2 max is the maximum rate at which your body can take in, transport and use oxygen during intense exercise, expressed in millilitres of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min). It
No. The anabolic window — the idea that there is a narrow post-workout period in which protein must be consumed or the session is wasted — has not held up well, and the current picture is far more
Because the target moves. A calorie deficit is the difference between what you eat and what you burn, and the amount you burn falls as you lose weight — so the same intake produces a progressively